Essay about Module 3 Case Study Ncm 512 - 1543 Words

Module 3 Case Study NCM 512 The given facts state, â€Å"Women have had to fight for their rights for a long time. For example, the right of women to vote was granted in the USA only in 1920.† According to O’Neill (2003), there still remains a significantly unexplained difference in male and female compensation that cannot be accounted for in areas of gender differences in work commitment, education, and experience. As given, â€Å"Company ABC is a manufacturing company in the automotive industry, with a production plant of 20,000 employees, a sales department of 5,000, and an administrative work force of 1,000. The male workforce in each department is about 75%, 60%, and 40% respectively. On average, womens compensation is 25%†¦show more content†¦Because adjustment is often required during the negotiation process, the approach should consider the changes that each side is willing to make. For instance, the management team has already expressed a lack of willingness for across the board changes. Consequently, solutions should address the types of concessions that can be made for each department: production; sales and administration. According to Fisher and Ury (1991), â€Å"Nearly any negotiation can be settled with interest based bargaining, also known as the cooperative approach.† While women may not be present during negotiations, the representative can interview women in the different departments, to fairly present exactly what they want, in terms of wages. While managers may not like the idea of investing more money for part-time or occasional workers, they may be able to offer more full time opportunities with the consideration of on-site child care or some other benefit that addresses the responsibilities female workers often have outside the workplace. The position a representative of female workers should take is one of fairness in pay for doing the same work as men and one that also presents the challenges that many working women face, with household and family responsibilities. Specifically, the representative will work toward developing a plan for wages that establishes fairness for both men

Entrepreneurial Motivation - 3320 Words

1.0 Introduction The study of the successful entrepreneurship is important for several reasons: †¢ Schumpeter, 1934, described entrepreneurship as the engine that drives innovation and change, and subsequently economic growth †¢ Austrian economist Kirzner believes entrepreneurship is the mode through which equilibrium of supply and demand is reached †¢ According to Shane and Venkataraman entrepreneurship converts knowledge into marketable products and services: thus a means of encouraging human creativity, and †¢ Zahra and Dess, 2001, see entrepreneurship as a vocation itself that has a large role in modern day capitalism All of the above takes on entrepreneurship can be justified only if the ventures undertaken are†¦show more content†¦Thus it motivated them to work extra hard on getting a high volume of customers than Xerox. . 3.2 Entrepreneur motivation theories and their usefulness 3.2.1 Need for achievement McClelland (1961) introduced the concept of â€Å"Need for Achievement† (nAch) in analysing entrepreneur motivation. The premise of the this theory is that those individuals who are high in the nAch index are more likely to find the motivation to engage in activities that have a high degree of individual responsibility for outcomes, require skill and effort and have a moderate degree of risk with clear feedback on performance. These characteristics fit the basic persona of an entrepreneur. This theory was substantiated by Johnson (1990) via a traditional review of 23 studies that concluded there is a strong relationship between entrepreneurs and aAchs. 3.2.2 Risk taking Risk-taking propensity is another motivation of interest, which emerged from McClelland’s (1961) original research on entrepreneurs. McClelland claimed that individuals with high achievement needs would have moderate propensities to take risk. Atkinson (1957) built upon McClelland’s argument, stating that individuals who have higher achievement motivation will prefer activities of intermediate risk because these types of activities will provide a challenge, yet appear to be attainable. However, risk taking need not be classified as lowShow MoreRelatedMarket Based Management Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pagesprosperous societies have very different rules and values from failed societies, and that the rules and values in prosperous societies encourage entrepreneurial innovation that leads to wealth, health, and happiness. An organization applying the MBM approach is one that has similar principles, rules, and culture, in order to foster principled, entrepreneurial behavior among its employees (http://www.mbminstitute.org/what-is-mbm.cfm (para 1). MBM is organized in and interpreted through five dimensions:Read MoreMotivation And Non Financial Methods Of Motivation923 Words   |  4 Pagescareers (Entrepreneurial Insights, 2014). 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The underlying predictors, howeverRead MoreEssay Motivation in Business720 Words   |  3 PagesMotivation in Business Thesis: Organization member can be effectively motivated by organizational leaders Motivational Styles Motivation is the ultimate goal of management in business, and the topic of multiple seminars, books, and videos. Engendering the emotional energy of frontline workers is the most difficult challenge facing organizational leaders worldwide. The is a difficult task because â€Å"most frontline employees work for a regular paycheck and nothing more; they neverRead MoreInnovation as a Motivator Essay1724 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation, an important concept in management theory, can be defined as: â€Å"the reasons people do the things that they do† (Zenisek, 2009). A company that effectively motivates its employees will often perform better than one that does not. One motivation technique is innovation time: giving employees the freedom to work on their own projects as a portion of their normal workload. These projects are entirely self-directed, and rely heavily on the employee’s creativity and entrepreneurial spiritRead MoreGoogle provides internet-relate d services and products and was created as a search engine in the1400 Words   |  6 Pagesused several motivation methods in order to achieve a better result. Motivation increases effectiveness, efficiency and productivity; and crucial to make a difference in results (Forsyth, 2000). There are four major types of motivation theories; such as the Scientific Management theory of Taylor, the Human Relations theory of Mayo, the Hierarchy of Needs of Maslow and the Two-factor Theory of Herzberg. The purpose of this essay is to evaluate the effectiveness of employee motivation in Google. ItRead MoreEffective Communication Among Every Group Member790 Words   |  4 Pagesdisruptive innovators. 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Cougars Case free essay sample

Kun Mao Xiaobin Yang Ruoxi Cao Yang Qiao Jing Liu Riskless zero-coupon bond is the bond bought at a price lower than its face value, with the face value repaid at the time of maturity. The zero-coupon bond is riskless because the investors know exact money they will receive when the bond is maturity. The investors purchase the bond in a lower price and get more money. No coupon is paid before maturity. The investors do not need to pay interest. Besides, because zero-coupon bond is riskless, the bondholders are willing to hold it for long-term investment in order to diversity the portfolio. So it is important in the fixed income security market. If a bond trades at a discount, its yield to maturity will exceed its coupon rate. Zero coupon bonds always sells at a discount. The sensitivity of a bond’s price to changes in interest rates is measured by the bond’s duration. We will write a custom essay sample on Cougars Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A bond with high durations,its price is highly sensitive to interest rate changes. In other words, the prices of bonds with low durations are less sensitive to interest rate changes. That means interest rates of longer-term bonds are higher than shorter-term bonds’. The term structure of interest rates should be graphed as a curve line of zero-coupon bonds, in fact, it describe the relationship between matures and coupon date. Using the date provided in the case, we can construct the following three yield curves: a. COUGARs Strip Yield Curve This is the adjusted COUGARs strip yield curve that takes the discounted ate (8. 11%) into account. The adjustment is necessary because the prices provided in Exhibit 1 are prices for settlement on December 6, 1983, while Treasury quotes are 20 days before, which is the date of November 16, 1983. The discount factor is 1. 0045, which is calculated as 1+8. 11%*20/360. The yield curve has an obvious upward trend before Nov. 1987 and then the curve keeps flat. To highlight the upward trend, our team set 8% as the minimum nu mber of the vertical axis. b. Treasury Coupon Yield Curve To build the treasury coupon yield curve, we select some bonds in the Exhibit2. We have eliminated those bonds with extremely low coupons and with multiple maturity designations. The treasury coupon yield curve also shows an upward trend before Nov. 1987. And then the curve stays flat as a whole and just fluctuates slightly. Also we set 8 as the minimum number of the vertical axis to highlight the trend of the yield curve. c. Implied Spot Yield Curve Because of the lack of data from May 1996 to Nov. 000, we can only build the implied spot yield curve from May 1984 to Nov. 1993. But the incomplete yield curve has successfully reflected the trend, moving upward and then keeping flat. According to the curves, we can observe that Strips yields show the yield of a separate zero-coupon security which is actually converted by coupon and principal payments of the Treasury bonds. Treasury coupon yield, which is the yield curve based on the treasury quotes, is the stated interest rates of a bo nd. The rates in three curves should nearly be the same. It is obvious to see that these three curves have the same trend as a whole. All of them go upward before Nov. 1987 and then stay flat. Treasure bond price : (300000000*11. 875%/11. 89%)*[1-1/(1+11. 89%)^20]=267944276 The value of United States Treasure Bond A. G Becker bought is 267944276. Then A. G Becker separated coupons from the principal of coupon bonds then sold the coupons to investors, each of these investments then paid a single lump sum. We can calculate the value of coupon: 300000000*11,875%/2=17812500. The value of coupon in each payment period equals to the face value of each zero coupon bonds. Investors bought the zero coupon bond at a price lower than par value. The fund A. G Becker collected in 1984 equals to sum of zero coupon bonds’ price. The difference between value of treasure bond and capital raised by zero coupon bonds is the value created through COUGARS. Capital raised by zero coupon bonds: 11. 875%/2*300000000*15. 30606=272639193. So we can easily see that the value created by COUGARS is 272639193. 8-267944276=4694917. 8.